Super electromagnet

ABSTRACT

An electro magnet having a nuclear core that emits radiation and is surrounded by a ceramic phosphor material having a structural defect such that the ceramic material within the ceramic phosphor material is used to shield and absorb radiation emitted by the nuclear core. The phosphors are excited by the radiation causing them to produce energy in the form of photons. Surrounding the ceramic phosphor material is a photovoltaic layer that transforms the photons into a flow of electrons to create an energy source in the form of a single sphere. An electromagnetic material sandwiches a plurality of spheres therebetween to harness the electron flow created by the photovoltaic layers of the spheres to create a super-electro magnet.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a non-provisional application gaining priority fromprovisional patent application Ser. No. 60/655,972 filed Feb. 22, 2005.That provisional is incorporated herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This application relates to a magnet. More specifically and withoutlimitation, this invention relates to a magnet that is powered by anuclear core.

Currently, in the art of batteries, such as car batteries, a battery hasa cell with one plate made of lead and another plate made of leadeddioxide and has a strong sulfuric acid electrolyte in which the platesare immersed. From this chemical reaction within the lead acid battery,electrons flow powering whatever device is connected to the battery.Though current lead acid batteries effectively power devices such asautomobiles, many problems in the art remain. First, the life expectancyof an average battery in an automobile can be as little as three to fouryears. Additionally, current car batteries cause inefficiencies withinthe car motor thus lowering the miles per gallon of gasoline that a carmay travel.

Batteries having a nuclear core have been developed to attempt toharness the energy from a long lasting source. The radioactive materialsof these batteries have been used with chemicals known as phosphors tocreate light that can be converted into electricity. Though electricityhas been created, because of the radioactive nature of the corematerial, these batteries are unsafe for everyday use.

Attempts to solve the problem of creating an nuclear-cored battery thatis safe for everyday use have been made; however scientists have beenunable to find a material that will effectively shield the radioactiveradiation of the nuclear core material and yet still produce sufficientlight that can be efficiently converted into electricity. Thus, there isa need in the art for an improved nuclear battery.

High temperature ceramics such as A1.sub.2O.sub.3, alumina and zirconiumoxide in the past have been used to contain radioactive wastes such thatthese ceramic containers or sarcophaguses have radioactive wastematerial placed therein and are buried in the ground. A high temperatureceramic is defined as any ceramic material that has a melting pointabove 2,000 degrees Centigrade. The ceramic structure is stable anddense enough that this structure is not altered by the radioactiveradiation. Nonetheless, high temperature ceramics have never been usedin the field of nuclear-cored batteries because the dense structure ofthe ceramics is not conducive to the production of photons using aradioactive source.

Additionally, in the current art of manufacturing processes that havebeen developed to produce similar crystals to those that will be createdin manufacturing the nuclear-cored battery are not conducive to the massproduction needed to make a profit in the business community.Specifically, during the production of photoluminescent crystals themanufacturing process requires multiple steps of mixing, milling, andheating material continually. These processes not only take a lot oftime and effort, but also produce inferior crystals. Thus, there is aneed for a new method of manufacturing crystals that reduces the cost toproduce the crystals while increasing the quality of the crystal.

Furthermore, to assist in the manufacturing process of the nuclear-coredbattery the current manufacturing equipment that would be used tomanufacture the battery cause inefficiencies during the manufacturingprocess. Specifically, a problem exists with the nano-materialproduction equipment, such as a plasma spray gun that will be used tomanufacture the nuclear-cored battery of this disclosure. A problem withcurrent plasma spray guns exists in that these guns use a tungsten anodeand electrode that deplete into the plasma stream as the equipment isused, thus limiting the life of the anode and electrode such thatcurrent anode and electrodes within a plasma spray gun only lastapproximately 250 hours. Thus there is a need in the art to improve uponthe life of the anode and electrode with a plasma spray gun.

Another technology that may be improved uses a similar solution as willbe disclosed regarding the nano-material production equipment and thistechnology is known as a fuel saver. A fuel saver converts O₂ into O₃.Currently, alumina plates are placed on top of copper plates thuscreating the fuel saver and the combination of these plates are used asdischarge plates within the fuel saver. Nonetheless, these fuel saverunits known in the art do not yield an optimum output potential. Thus,there is a need for an improved manufacturing process to create a fuelsaver, and a need for a more efficient fuel saver.

Magnets that are made today are made of a magnetic material, or in analternative, consist of magnetic material that is layered on top of aflow of electrons. The flow of electrons causes the magnetic material topolarize and thus produces a strong magnetic force. Though magnets aremanufactured this way, the power sources that cause a flow of electronsroutinely is some type of device that has a limitation of an externalpower source and thus, the powerful magnets last for only as long astheir power source. Furthermore, the strength of the magnet depends onthe intensity of the flow of electrons. Thus, there is a need in the artto provide a super magnet that is not only long lasting but will alsoproduce increased magnetic force.

Therefore, the principal object of the present invention is to provide along lasting super magnet.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a nuclear poweredmagnet.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an energysource that will create a stronger magnetic field when a super magnet iscreated.

These and other objects, features, or advantages will become apparentfrom the specification and the claims.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A nuclear-cored magnet that has a nuclear core that emits alpha, beta,or gamma radiation and is surrounded by a ceramic phosphor material. Theceramic material within the ceramic phosphor material is used to shieldand absorb the radiation emitted by the nuclear core while the phosphorsare excited by the radiation causing them to produce energy in the formof photons. Structural defects increase the bandwidths of the ceramicand phosphor materials within the ceramic phosphor material such thatphotons are produced and radioactive radiation is prevented from beingemitted past the ceramic material. Surrounding the ceramic phosphormaterial is a photovoltaic layer that transforms the photons into a flowof electrons to create a sphere. Surrounding a plurality of thesespheres is a conductive material that is an intermediate layer thatcarries the spheres. A magnetic material then sandwiches the spherestherebetween to harness the electron flow created by the photovoltaiclayer to create a super electromagnet.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a nuclear-cored battery;

FIG. 2 is a cut away plan view of a sphere of an nuclear-cored battery;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a supermagnet;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a manufacturing process of a nuclear-coredbattery;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the equipment used during themanufacturing process of a nuclear cored battery;

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a manufacturing process of a nuclear-coredbattery;

FIG. 7 is a plan side view of one embodiment of a disposable batteryusing a layered nuclear-cored battery;

FIG. 8 is a cut away plan side view of one embodiment of a disposablebattery using a layered nuclear-cored battery;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a plasma spray gun;

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a recycling process of an nuclear-coredbattery;

FIG. 11 is a side plan cut away view of a plasma spray system;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a decomposition cell;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a decomposition unit; and

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a fuel saver.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 shows an atomic battery or nuclear-cored battery 10.Nuclear-cored battery 10 is created by producing a plurality of energysources in the form of spheres 12 (FIG. 2) that each have a nuclear core14 that emits alpha, beta, or gamma radiation. Nuclear core 14 iscomprised of any radioactive material including, uranium, uraniumcarbonate, uranium oxide, strontium, and strontium oxide.

The nuclear core 14 is surrounded by a ceramic phosphor material 16 thatis in one embodiment a crystalline structure or crystal having a carbondefect such that the ceramic phosphor material 16 in combination withthe nuclear core forms a light dissipating material 17. In oneembodiment, the ceramic phosphor material comprises a high temperatureceramic. In another embodiment this high temperature ceramic comprises amatrix having Al₂O₃:C. In yet another embodiment zinc sulfide, oranother high temperature ceramic having a carbon defect is used. Theceramic material within the ceramic phosphor material 16 is used toshield and absorb the radiation emitted by the nuclear core 14 while thephosphors are excited by the radioactive radiation of the nuclear core14 causing the phosphors to produce energy in the form of photons. Inanother embodiment lanthanides are used as a defect for the phosphors.The carbon defect increases the bandwidth of the ceramic material, andthe lanthanides are used to increase the bandwidth of the phosphors.Thus, the ceramic material prevents radiation from being emitted pastthe ceramic phosphor material 16, yet this material 16 is still able toproduce photons.

In one embodiment the ceramic phosphor material 16 is made into acrystalline structure that is an amorphous crystalline or a structuredcrystalline and that is manipulated during the manufacturing process sothat the photons being emitted by the material 16 are at an optimumwavelength (and thus color) to maximize the efficiency of thenuclear-cored battery 10. One example of how the crystalline structureis manipulated is by adding MO.(Al₂O₃):Eu, R to the ceramic phosphormaterial, wherein M is chosen from one of the alkaline metals such asstrontium, calcium, and barium; R is any of the lanthanides; Eu ispresent at a level from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight andpreferably 0.1-5% by weight; and R is present at a level from about0.05% to about 10% by weight and preferably 0.1-5% by weight. Thus thefinal formula of the ceramic phosphor material will comprise the matrixMO.(Al₂O₃):C: Eu, R.

Another example of a material that is added to the ceramic phosphormaterial 16 to manipulate the output frequency of the photons beingemitted is yttrium oxysulfide doped with titanium and magnesium materialthat forms a crystal that emits red to orange wavelengths of light. Thusfor red and orange wavelengths the ceramic phosphor material comprisesthe matrix MOS:Mg,Ti,Eu wherein MO is chosen from a group consisting ofMgO, ZnO, ZrO, CuO, Yttrium Oxide, or Gallium Oxide.

The excitation of the base light emitter, such as Al₂O₃:C, causes thestimulation of the crystals and the combined frequency gives the finaloutput color. Thus the output frequency of the ceramic phosphor material16 is manipulated to any color in the visible spectrum. Below is a listof examples of different ceramic phosphors and the color wavelengths ofthe photons that are emitted by each depending on the amount of eachelement provided:

1. Green—A mixture of polycrystalline carbon doped Alumina, EuropiumOxide, Strontium Carbonate, and Dysprosium Oxide.

2. Blue—A mixture of polycrystalline carbon doped Alumina, EuropiumOxide, Strontium Carbonate, and Dysprosium Oxide.

3. Yellow—A mixture of polycrystalline carbon doped Alumina, EuropiumOxide, Strontium Carbonate, Barium Carbonate, and Dysprosium Oxide.

4. Orange—A mixture of polycrystalline carbon doped Alumina, YittriumOxysulfide,-Europium Oxide, Strontium Carbonate, and Dysprosium Oxide.

5. Red—A mixture of polycrystalline carbon doped Alumina, YttriumOxysulfide, Europium Oxide, and Magnesium Titanium.

6. White—A mixture ofpolycrystalline carbon doped Alumina, EuropiumOxide, Strontium Carbonate, Neodymium Oxide, and Dysprosium Oxide.

7. Violet—A mixture of polycrystalline carbon doped Alumina, EuropiumOxide, Calcium carbonate, and Neodymium Oxide.

Thus, each combination listed creates a separate crystalline structureor crystal depending upon the content of each element present. Eachcrystalline structure or crystal separately is unique in its interactionwith different radiations produced by the nuclear core 14, and each willproduce a different wavelength of visible light emitted from thecrystalline.

Surrounding the ceramic phosphor material 16 is a photovoltaic layer 18that transforms the photons into a flow of electrons to create an energysource, or sphere 12. One will appreciate that in one embodiment thephotovoltaic layer 18 is made of an amorphous silicon that also isaltered with defects by, for example, doping the material with magnesiumin order to manipulate a stimulating frequency of the photovoltaic layer18. Other examples of defects include titanium and chromium. Thus theoutput frequency of the photons generated by the ceramic phosphormaterial 16 is manipulated or tuned while manipulating or tuning thestimulating frequency of the photovoltaic layer 18 so that the mostefficient amount of light created by the ceramic phosphor material 16 isconverted into an electron flow by the photovoltaic layer 18.

After a plurality of spheres 12 are created a battery is formed bysurrounding a plurality of spheres 12 with a conductive material 20 thatis an intermediate layer that carries the spheres 12. This conductivematerial 20 comes into direct contact with the spheres 12 and in oneembodiment is a conductive polymer, one example of which is a sulfidizedpolymer. One such conductive polymer ispoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrenesulfonate. A P and N layer 22comprising a P layer 22 a and an N layer 22 b sandwiches the spherestherebetween to harness the electron flow created by the photovoltaiclayer 18 to create the nuclear-cored battery 10. Additionally, a layerof insulating material 23 can be used to surround the P and N layer 22.

Finally, spheres 12 in one embodiment are in powder form and will rangein size from 50 microns to sub micron in size depending on theapplication and output. Nonetheless, in another embodiment a metal isadded to the nuclear core 14 of the battery 10 in order to increase thesize of the spheres 12 for macro-sized applications.

As shown in FIG. 3, in an alternative embodiment a magnetic material 24is placed around the plurality of spheres 12 to create a super magnet26. Specifically, the flow of electrons created by the photovoltaiclayer 18 interacts with the magnetic material 24 to magnetize the outersurface 28 of the magnetic material 24.

In operation, the nuclear core 14 emits radiation, for example, betaradiation that is an electron. When the electron comes in contact withthe ceramic phosphor material 16 the radioactive radiation is stopped bythe ceramic, yet the electron excites the phosphors causing an electronto “jump” from a 4d valence energy level to a higher valence energylevel within a phosphor. When that electron “settles” back to itsoriginal 4d state, energy in the form of a photon is emitted. When theceramic phosphor material 16 includes a carbon defect in its matrix thecarbon defect increases the bandwidth of the phosphor allowing morephotons to be generated. Furthermore, the matrix of the ceramic phosphormaterial 16 will determine the frequency of the photon that is beingemitted from the ceramic phosphor material 16. These photons are thenabsorbed by the photovoltaic layer 18 to create an electron flow that isharnessed by the P and N layer 22 to cause the battery 10 to function.

When other radioactive radiations are present such as gamma and alpharadiation, the phosphors still become “excited” and produce photons, butnot in the same way as beta radiation. Thus all types of radioactivematerial may be used as the nuclear core 14.

Manufacturing the nuclear-cored battery involves a multi-step process.FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of the multi step process used during themanufacturing of the battery and FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of theequipment used during this process. Processing the nuclear material isthe first step 30. This is performed in a multitude of ways depending onthe initial source. If the nuclear material is of a mixed matrix ofdifferent radiation sources division is made by dissolving the materialswith the mixed matrix and separating these materials via gravimetrictechniques. The weight and density of the different materials in themixed matrix causes these materials to separate into layers making itpossible to divide materials as needed.

The next step 32 is to process the nuclear material via a spray dryer 34into a spherical metal or compound to be used as the nuclear core 14.The core 14 in one embodiment is a compound that is an oxide orcarbonate that creates a stronger structure, with a higher melting pointthan the metal that the oxide or carbonate are derived from. Othermethods and equipment such as a precipitation method or some other formof sprayer is also used to create the nuclear core 14.

At step 36 a ceramic phosphor slurry material that in one embodiment ismade of a base material of Al₂O₃:C and phosphors is created. The ceramicphosphor slurry is a frequency alternating mixture that in oneembodiment comprises strontium carbonate, europium oxide, dysprosiumoxide, or the like (depending on the output frequency desired) that ismixed into a water and alumina powder. The ceramic phosphor slurry,water and alumina powder are milled together to a nano mean size to forma ceramic phosphor slurry material. This is preformed in a media mill ormixing chamber 38 or other systems. In one embodiment a carbon defect isadded to the ceramic phosphor slurry material by using graphite, oranother carbon additive while making the ceramic phosphor slurry.

At step 40 the nuclear core material is introduced to the ceramicphosphor slurry material and then at step 42 a temporary binder is added(ammonia nitrate or another gas is used to create a porous structure asnecessary) and the ceramic phosphor slurry material with a nuclear corematerial having a temporary binder is then mixed to create a homogenousmixture. Examples of the temporary binding material are methylcellulose, poly vinyl alcohol, or the like.

This homogenous mixture is processed again through the spray drier 34 todry the homogenous mixture to form an outer shell at step 46. At step 46the homogenous mixture is delivered to the spray drier 34 and into thecavity of the spray drier 34 by double annulus spray nozzle or dischargewheel. The homogenous mixture is then hit with a blast of hot air thatevaporates the water within the homogenous mixture and dries thetemporary binding material at step 48 to form a temporarily bound layerof mixed ceramics. Atmospheric gas of nitrogen, argon, and/or carbondioxide is used to assist in the process. In the embodiment wherein thebase ceramic is Al₂O₃:C step 48 forms a semi ridged spherical particlewith the nuclear core 14 surrounded by a temporarily bound layer ofmixed ceramics having an alumina structure.

At step 50 the particle created at step 48 is subjected to a hightemperature portion of the processing, or plasma thermal process using athermal plasma spray system 52 having at least one plasma gun 53. Withtemperatures that are adjusted from 2,000 to over 15,000 centigrade themixed ceramics from step 48 are brought to a molten state for a shortamount of time, preferably under a minute, thus creating a layer ofmixed ceramics in a molten state. While in this molten state thetemporary binding material will burn out and the nuclear core with thelayer of mixed ceramics becomes an amorphous structure as a result. Theplasma stream sinters the layer of mixed ceramics to densify andcalcinate or purify the layer. In one embodiment the layer of mixedceramics has an alumina structure and this alumina structure is broughtto a molten state for a short amount of time creating the amorphousstructure.

While the particle created at step 48 is subjected to the hightemperature portion of the processing structural defects are introduced.In one embodiment these defects include carbon defects and/or lanthanidedefects. Once a carbon defect is added the layer of mixed ceramics incombination with the nuclear core 14 becomes a light dissipatingmaterial 17. Thus, the nuclear core 14 after this high temperatureprocessing will no longer be radioactive in nature past the layer ofmixed ceramics. The radioactive decay will be transformed into lightthat is emitted out from the light dissipating material 17.

During step 54 the light dissipating material 17 is propelled into aquenching chamber 56 and a pair of cooling nozzles that in oneembodiment emit a crosscurrent of quenching gas that is an air and gasmixture cools and incepts further amounts of carbon into the lightdissipating material 17 to form a crystalline structure or crystal. Onewill also appreciate that the temporary binder provides some carboncontent as it is burned out but the use of carbon dioxide in thequenching gas will allow for total coverage of carbon within the lightdissipating material 17. Also the use of nitrogen, or other inert gas,as a quenching gas will encourage the clarity of the crystallinestructure or crystal allowing for a higher transfer of light from thelight dissipating material 17. Rather than add the carbon defect in step52, alternatively the carbon defect is added just in step 54. Theheating of the nuclear core with a layer of mixed ceramics allows theintroduction of the carbon defect at step 52, step 54, or both. Thelight dissipating material 17 now quenched and treated with the chambergasses is collected by a cyclonic chamber 58 that is separate from thequenching chamber 56 at step 60. The light dissipating material 17 isthen removed when collected.

Construction material in the quenching chamber 56 will be similar tothat of the spray drier 34. Additionally, a scrubber system 62 isutilized to prevent the discharge of uncoated nuclear core particles inboth the spray dry process and thermal plasma spray stages.

Once the light dissipating material 17 is created the material is spraydried with a coating of photovoltaic material such as silicon by thespray dryer 34 at step 64. At step 66 this layer is treated again withthe thermal plasma process to density the silicon on the lightdissipating material 17 to create the photovoltaic layer 18, thuscreating the sphere 12. By using the thermal plasma process thephotovoltaic layer in one embodiment has an amorphous structure. Thislayering technique will allow for a high strength and small particlesize with each layer interacting with the next. The spray dryer 34 givesthe spheres 12 their shape and one will understand that these smallspherical particles are in one embodiment the form of a powder.

At step 68 the finished powder is sandwiched between organic P and Nlayers 22 to draw away the electrons being discharged from thephotovoltaic layer 18 of the spheres 12. Leads are connected to the Pand N layers 22 to transport energy to a source consumer of theelectricity at step 70. The P and N layers 22 in one embodiment areapplied as a spray and conform to any shape desired or as a sheet 72(FIGS. 7 and 8) that is later inserted into a commercial product.

One will appreciate that though this method of manufacturing places aceramic phosphor layer 16 over a nuclear core 14 to form a lightdissipating material 17, that in another embodiment only the ceramicphosphor slurry undergoes the manufacturing process described to createa ceramic phosphor crystal 16. This crystal 16 is then used inassociation with the nuclear core 14 to create a light dissipatingmaterial 17.

In another embodiment seen in FIG. 6 the nuclear material is layeredwith the Al₂O₃:C first in step 74, then processed in high temperature instep 76, then recoated with the phosphor in step 78, and processed withhigher temperatures to alter the output frequency at step 80. The mixingof a matrix of materials is used on low to mid output radioactivematerials but high output materials will require the shielding firstthen the altering of the frequency. This also offers an opportunity tomanipulate a carbon defect in the alumina layer. The use ofpre-manufactured materials exists to create these layers. Again, abinder is used to hold the layers together temporarily until hightemperature processing is implicated.

The use of a discharge circuit in one embodiment is utilized to removeunused excess electricity created by the nuclear-cored battery 10. Thiselectricity is converted to heat or other forms of energy to dissipateexcess capacity. This energy could also be redirected to a capacitor tostore the electricity during sporadic and inconsistent use of thesource. The reason for the use of this circuit is that the battery 10 isgoing to give electricity continuously without delay for the duration ofthe core materials' half-lives.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show embodiments wherein a layered battery 82 is formed.Specifically, in this embodiment the P and N layers are applied as aspray to form a nuclear core energy source sheet 72. In this embodimentthe sheet 72 is rolled or coiled into a cylinder and inserted into aplastic or metal housing or case 84 having a first and second ends 86and 88. FIG. 7 shows the coiled sheet 72 outside the case 84 andtapered; however, in use the sheet is coiled and within the case 84. Afirst conductive lead 90 is electrically connected to the P layer 22 aand is attached to the first end 86 to create an anode 92 and similarlya second conductive lead 94 is electrically connected to the N layer 22b and attached to the second end 88 to create an electrode 96. One willunderstand that a layer of insulating material 98 may be attached to thecase 84 to insulate the case 84 from the sheet 72.

As shown in FIG. 8, in another embodiment a plurality of sheets 72 arestacked upon or are adjacent to each other within the case 84. In thisembodiment the first end 86 of the case will come into contact with a Player 22 a of a sheet 80 to form the anode 92 and the second end 88 willcome into contact with a N layer 22 b of another sheet 72 to form theelectrode 96. In this embodiment, if an insulating layer is desired,conductive leads are used to connect the P layer 22 a to the first end86 of case 84 and to connect the N layer 22 b to the second end 88 ofcase 84.

Other products that can be produced from this source of energy are: roomtemperature super conductors, super conducting cables/wires, resistancefree polymers, infinitely formable power supplies, and energy sourcesfor: electronics, houses, cities, countries, automobiles and other formsof transportation.

When in use the product life, whether a battery, or another productusing the energy source disclosed above, is determined by thematerial(s) of the nuclear core 14. Therefore, a manufacturer byselecting the nuclear core material has the ability to pre-select a timelimit that a product will function. This is accomplished by firsttesting nuclear materials by carbon dating or the like to determine ahalf life for the materials to provide nuclear materials having knownhalf lives. Then a nuclear material having a known half life is selectedand used as a nuclear core 14 of a nuclear-cored battery 10. Thus, oncethis nuclear core ceases to produce effective radioactive radiation theproduct will shut down.

Another way of pre-selecting the time limit of a product that isproduced from the above energy source is to attach a timing mechanismsuch as a timing circuit to the product that will terminate theoperation of the product after a pre-selected occurrence. In oneembodiment the timing mechanism is programmed to disable a product aftera pre-selected period of time such as for example 10 years. In analternative embodiment the timing mechanism disables a vehicle after apre-selected amount of distance traveled by the vehicle. For example thetiming mechanism could sense when a vehicle has driven 50,000 miles anddisable the vehicle at that time.

The reason for pre-selecting the life of a product using the energysource 12 is because when a radioactive core material is used, thisenergy source can have the potential of lasting for trillions of years.Thus, without pre-selecting the time of the life of a product, consumerswill have no need to repurchase a product. Furthermore, many devicessuch as DVDs, personal electronics, and others that could use the energysource 12 involve technologies that are continually being improved.Thus, products having a pre-selected life will allow for theminiaturization of many electronics and the development of newtechnologies to ensure products remain up to date. Thus to ensuretechnology will continue to move forward, the products using thenuclear-cored battery energy source 12 will need to have a pre-selectedproduct life.

In an embodiment wherein a product uses a timing circuit to pre-selectthe time of the life of a nuclear cored product, this product will needto be recycled. The steps for recycling a nuclear-cored battery areshown in FIG. 9. Recycling of the nuclear-cored battery can beaccomplished by first milling the battery to break it apart into smallerpieces, as represented in step 100. Then the pieces undergo a thermalburn, such as in a kiln to melt away the P and N layer and thephotovoltaic layer as shown in step 102. Remaining after the thermalburn is the light dissipating material 17 that is either chemicallytreated with an acid to etch the ceramic within the light dissipatingmaterial 17 or physically treated with a circulating wash to remove anyresidual deposits or impurities on the light dissipating material suchas excess carbon, as shown in step 104. Thus, the light dissipatingmaterial 17 may then be reused in another application as shown in step106.

FIG. 10 shows an improved thermal plasma spray gun 108 that is oneexample of one embodiment of thermal plasma spray gun 53 used during themanufacturing of the nuclear-cored battery 10. The plasma spray gun 108has a housing 109 with a plasma stream conduit 110 that extends from aninlet end 112 to a discharge end 114 having a discharge aperture 116.Within the plasma stream conduit 110 is a discharge dielectric anode 118and a discharge dielectric electrode 120. In communication with theplasma stream conduit 110 are gas feed conduits 122 that extend throughthe housing 109 of the plasma spray gun 108 such that a single gas, ormixture of gasses, is exposed to the anode 118 and electrode 120 withinthe plasma stream conduit 110 to create a stream of plasma therein.Supply conduits 126 extend through the plasma spray gun 108 and are incommunication with the discharge end 114 of the plasma stream conduit110 to supply powdered metals or ceramics to the plasma stream to createa molten material.

A voltage supply is electrically connected to the plasma stream conduit110 to supply voltage to the conduit 110 to create an electrostaticdischarge that will convert feed gases into a plasma stream. Thisvoltage supply may be integrated as a circuit that is part of the plasmagun 108 or may be a voltage supply that is remotely located from theplasma gun 108.

Hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, and/or argon are used to produce the plasmastream. A hydrogen nitrogen combination will generate sufficient heatwith the ability not to interact with the structure and alter thenuclear core with a layer of mixed ceramics introduced to the plasmaspray gun 108. A high-energy electrostatic discharge through the gascauses the plasma phase of the gas to be generated. The gas is thenejected from the plasma stream conduit 110 of the plasma spray gun 108,and metallic or ceramic powders are introduced into the stream via thesupply conduit 126 where the heat is transferred to the powders.

The anode 118 and electrode 120 create an electrostatic dischargecausing the formation of the plasma gas. During this electrostaticdischarge high amounts of energy cause a pitting of the surfaces of theanode 118 and electrode 120. To solve this problem the anode 118 andelectrode 120 are milled to remove 2-20 mills and a dielectric materialsuch as alumina is deposited onto the anode 118 and electrode 120surfaces to create a dielectric barrier 128, preventing the pitting fromthe discharge of the static field, thus increasing the efficiencies ofthe unit and allowing for a higher purity in the end product. Thisdielectric material may be applied to the anode 118 and electrodesurfaces using a thermal plasma process to spray molten dielectricmaterial onto the anode 118 and electrode 120. Furthermore, in oneembodiment the dielectric material may be doped with another material,such as for example, magnesium.

FIG. 11 shows a reconfigured plasma spray system 130 that is an exampleof one of the embodiments of plasma spray system 60 that is used duringthe creation of the nuclear-cored battery. Specifically, this embodimentshows a reconfigured plasma system 130 that will more efficiently handlea liquid stream of material thus creating a wider spray area. By usingthis configuration the spray dry process may be eliminated from theprocessing.

Specifically, the plasma spray system 130 of FIG. 11 shows a pluralityof smaller plasma jets 131 that are configured in a 3-12 inch diameteraround a centrally located jet 132 that is a liquid generating devicewithin a housing 133. The jets 131 are one embodiment of the spray gun108 shown in FIG. 10 that generate a plasma stream by utilizing an anode118 and electrode 120 in combination with gases from gas feed conduits122 within a plasma stream conduit 110 having a inlet end 112 anddischarge end 114. Similarly, the centrally located jet 132 is also oneembodiment of the spray gun 108 wherein a material powder, such asmetallic powder is fed into the discharge end 114 of the plasma streamconduit 110 via supply conduit 126 so that molten, or liquid metal isdischarged by the liquid generating device 132. In one embodiment thecentrally located jet 132 has a double annulus spray head that generatesa stream of atomized liquid.

The plurality of plasma spray jets 131 are positioned so that theirplasma streams will intersect at a point 134 along the path of theatomized liquid and thus become part of the atomized liquid stream. Withthis system in place a smaller particle is produced and fewer steps arerequired to produce the same product.

FIG. 12 shows a decomposition cell 136 that functions to cause thedecomposition and production of materials in a discharge field. Thedecomposition cells 136 are placed in a conduit in order to breakpollution down into its simplest components to minimize pollution. Forexample, in one embodiment, a decomposition cell 136 is placed in asmoke stack of a manufacturing facility to convert pollutants intoenvironmental safe oxygen or carbon.

The decomposition cell 136 of FIG. 12 is manufactured by taking a firstmetal plate 138 such as copper and using a plasma gun 53 or 108 to spraya molten dielectric material such as alumina onto the metal plate 138 tocreate a first dielectric layer 140. One will appreciate that by usingthe plasma spray gun 53 or 108 to spray the molten dielectric materialon the metal plate 138, an optimum contact area between the dielectriclayer 140 and the plate 138 is achieved to create a more efficientdecomposition cell 136. Furthermore, by using the plasma spray gun 53 or108, magnesium oxide may be doped into the molten dielectric materialsuch as alumina to further increase the efficiency of the decompositioncell 136. Similarly, the molten dielectric material is then sprayed ontoa second metal plate 142 to create a second dielectric layer 144.

Next the plates 138, 142 are placed in parallel spaced relation tocreate a discharge area 146 wherein air is able to flow through the cell136. Thus during a discharge process, when the two metal plates 138, 142are electrically connected to a high voltage high frequency source 148and when voltage is supplied to the two metal plates 138, 142 anelectrostatic discharge 149 occurs in the discharge area 146, thusdecomposing pollutants flowing therethrough and filtering the air. Onewill appreciate that the high voltage high frequency source 148 may besupplied by a circuit that is part of the decomposition cell 136 or a bya voltage source remote to the cell 136.

As best shown in FIG. 13, a plurality of decomposition cells 136 areplaced together to form a decomposition unit 150. The decomposition unit150 of FIG. 13 has a honeycomb configuration of decomposition cells 136that extend between first and second side walls 152, 154 thus creating aplurality of discharge areas 146 that can be separated by an insulatingmaterial 156. Because of the plurality of discharge areas 146 incombination with the honeycomb configuration of the unit 150 the surfacearea of the discharge area 146 within the decomposition unit 150increases, thus causing more pollutants to be decomposed as thepollutants flow through the decomposition unit 150.

In one embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the decomposition cell 136 is usedprimarily to convert O₂ to O₃. In this embodiment the decomposition cell136 is referred to as a fuel saver 157. The fuel saver 157 specificallyis created by taking a rolled copper body 158 and thermally applying analumina matrix 160 thereto. One will understand that by thermallyapplying the alumina to the rolled copper the surface area between thecopper and alumina is increased while minimizing the gap between thecopper and alumina matrix. Additionally, the alumina is doped withmagnesium oxide to change the oxygen state in the final product from anO₃ thus yielding a higher output during the discharge process. BecauseO₃ has more chemical bonds than O₂, O₃ burns much more intensely thanO₂. Thus a fuel saver is used in an engine to convert O₂ to O₃ withinthe engine to provide an improved fuel system that creates optimum gasmileage for the engine.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other variousmodifications could be made to the device without the parting from thespirit in scope of this invention. All such modifications and changesfall within the scope of the claims and are intended to be coveredthereby.

1. A nuclear energy-core electromagnet comprising: a plurality ofspheres, each has a core of nuclear material; a ceramic phosphor layersurrounding said core of nuclear material, said ceramic phosphor layerserving to shield radiation emitted from the core, by absorbing saidradiation and converting said radiation into photons; a photovoltaiclayer surrounding the ceramic phosphor layer for converting said photonsinto a spherical flow of electrons; an electrically conductive materialsurrounding said plurality of spheres; and an electromagnetic materialsurrounding the electrically conductive material for harnessing theelectron flow created by the photovoltaic layer.
 2. The nuclearenergy-core electro-magnet of claim 1 wherein the ceramic phosphor layercomprises a matrix of MO.(Al₂O₃):C═Eu, R wherein M is an alkaline metaland R is a lanthanide.
 3. The nuclear energy-core electro-magnet ofclaim 1 wherein the photovoltaic layer comprises amorphous silicon. 4.The nuclear energy-core electro-magnet of claim 1 wherein the core ofnuclear material comprises a beta emitting nuclear material.
 5. Thenuclear energy-core electro-magnet of claim 1 wherein the core ofnuclear material comprises a gamma emitting nuclear material.
 6. Thenuclear energy-core electro-magnet of claim 1 wherein the core ofnuclear material comprises a alpha emitting nuclear material.
 7. Thenuclear energy-core electro-magnet of claim 1 wherein the ceramicphosphor layer comprises a matrix of Al₂O₃:C.
 8. The nuclear energy-coreelectro-magnet of claim 1 wherein the ceramic phosphor comprises amatrix of MO.(Al₂O₃):C wherein M is an alkaline metal.
 9. The nuclearenergy-core electro-magnet of claim 8 wherein the ceramic phosphor layerincludes 0.05% to 10% by weight of an europium dopant, and 0.05% to 10%by weight of a lanthanide dopant.
 10. The nuclear energy-coreelectro-magnet of claim 1 wherein the ceramic phosphor layer comprises ahigh temperature ceramic material and at least one phosphor.